Process Economics Program Report 195A
Published: Nov-2005
Recent emphasis in fluid catalytic cracking is on maximum light olefins production, gasoline
sulfur reduction and compliance with FCCU NOx and SOx emissions requirements. New cracking
catalysts and additives for the reduction of NOx, SOx and gasoline sulfur continue to significantly
improve FCCU operation. New hardware designs offer improved unit operation and efficiency.
Areas of recent new hardware design improvements include the standpipe inlet, third stage
cyclones, spent catalyst distributor and catalyst stripping. Wet gas scrubbers or selective
catalytic reduction may now be required in some cases to meet emissions requirements.
This report provides an overview of FCC developments in catalyst, process and hardware
technologies since PEP Report 195, Advances in Fluid Catalytic Cracking, issued in 1991. The
report then develops process economics for cracking the most common type of FCC feedstock,
vacuum gas oil. PEP Report 228, Refinery Residue Upgrading, issued in 2000 reviews the
special issues and technology of Residual Fluid Catalytic Cracking (RFCC) and develops process
economics for cracking a residual feedstock.
Since the refinery production of light olefins such as propylene offers refiners in some
regions, especially Asia and Western Europe, an opportunity for profit, the process economics of
maximum light olefins FCC from VGO are developed.
Air emissions (SOx, NOx) from FCCUs and the reduction of FCC gasoline sulfur are major
environmental issues discussed.
Other PEP Related Reports
Fluid Catalytic Cracking Advances 195
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